TGF-β

Scientific explanation

TGF-β is cytostatic in intact epithelium but later supports , immune suppression and stromal . Context switches its role during progression.

Cancers where relevant

Mesothelioma Colorectal cancer MSS colorectal cancer Pancreatic cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Cholangiocarcinoma

Compounds that intersect this pathway

Losartan

AT1- . In desmoplastic models, angiotensin blockade can reduce TGF-β-linked stromal compression and improve perfusion; this is adjunctive stromal biology, not cytotoxic oncology.

Evidence in mapped cancers: Early Clinical · In Vivo · Mechanistically Plausible

Candesartan

ARBs share AT1-blockade biology with losartan. Tumour- hypotheses are class-level and not tumour-type-proven treatments.

Evidence in mapped cancers: In Vivo · Mechanistically Plausible

Convergence partners

Other pathways that co-occur with TGF-β on mapped adjunct records: Angiogenesis.

This oncology atlas is educational. Pathway maps, adjunctive strategies, and compound listings describe mechanistic relevance. They do not establish clinical efficacy, do not recommend treatment, and are not a substitute for oncology care. Evidence tiers are not equivalent.